Anatomical Sciences Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 2, 2012

Bone defects caused by injuries, trauma, cancer, surgical operation or joint dislocation have great impacts on general health. Considering that Wnt signalling is one of the important regulators of the stem cell control, we sought to examine if Wnt activation affects the osteogenic differentiation of the USSCs. In this study, we have treated USSCs cultured in osteo genic media with a specific GSK3β inhibitor, BIO, at days 4, 7, 14 and 21 in culture. They were then assayed for MTT, bone formation matrix and RT-PCR. Our results showed that up to it day 14, BIO increases the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase and Runx2; however decreases their expression as of day 14 on. The result of bone matrix assay showed that BIO decreases the synthesis of bone matrix as well that of the viability of the differentiating USSCs. In general these results indicate that BIO as a GSK-3β inhibitor, and therefore Wnt pathway activator, decreases the osteogenic differentiation of USSCs.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low-level He-Ne laser irradiation on Achilles tendon healing in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats by a biomechanical evaluating method. . 33 male adult rats were used for tensiometerical examination. Rats were divided into healthy and diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ injection. Right Achilles tendon of all rats were completely transected one month after STZ injection. For tensiometerical examination 18 healthy rats and 15 diabetic rats divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Two experimental groups of healthy rats were irradiated by a 7.2 mW Helium-Neon laser with 2.9 and 11.5 J/cm2 energy densities for 10 days. Two groups of diabetic rats were irradiated by the He-Ne laser with 2.9 and 4.3 J/cm2 energy densities for 10 days. The animals of both healthy and diabetic control groups were not submitted to laser irradiation. Distal portion of the muscular part of triceps surae muscle, Achilles tendon and calcaneus were surgically extracted from rats after killing them by chloroform. Final weight and blood glucose of the rats were recorded. Data were analyzed by student t test. 9 rats died during study. Maximum stress (N/mm2) of healthy experimental groups with 2.9 J/cm2 and 11.5 J/cm2 were 4.7±1.1 and 6.1±5.2 respectively and control group was 2.4±1.6. P values were 0.018 and 0.137 respectively.Maximum stress (N/mm2) of diabetic experimental groups with 2.9 J/cm2 and 4.3 J/cm2 were 2.7±0.5 and 2.1±0.8 respectively and control group was 1.3±0.9. P values were 0.019 and 0.23 respectively. Low-level laser irradiation with 2.9 J/cm2 energy density on transected Achilles tendon of healthy and diabetic rats significantly accelerated strength and maximum stress of repairing tendon which was defined with tensiometrical examination.

The aim of our study is the assesment of estrogen receptor α expression in pyramidal neurons in rat CA 1hippocampus that has been ovariectomized. By using the estrogen antagonist, Tamoxifen level of expression of estrogen receptor α in these cells. To study the effect of 17 - β estradiol and tamoxifen on estrogen receptors α, expression in hippocampus rats of Wistar female rats weighting approximately 180-220 g, were ovariectomized. The rats after receiving Tamoxifen, and 17 - β - estradiol simultaneously or with 12 delay hours, or receiving Tamoxifen and estradiol solvents, or solvent received Tamoxifen and estradiol, and eventually receiving two solvents, two or 24 hours after the last ip injection, were studied. Using western blotting techniques and protein expression of estrogen receptor α, the response rate of ER α activity immunoreactivity in different groups were evaluated. Results from the present survey studies shows that research conducted with Western blot analysis by antibodies ER-α, the presence of estrogen receptor α 55 KDa proteins were shown only in the area CA1 pyramidal cell cytoplasm. The results also express that estrogen receptor α expression in groups under the effect of tamoxifen, if simultaneously received Tamoxifen and estradiol, have been shown to have decreased. Expression of estrogen receptor α in estrogen antagonist affected groups, with 12 hours delay, increase the show. Considering the half-life of Tamoxifen, Estrogen and Tamoxifen interaction, different responses towards a study group in 16 rats wrer verified. The presence of 17 - β - estradiol in the cytosol of cells through ER α receptor is expressed in our findings,. In the group that 17 - β - estradiol along with Tamoxifen, were injected solvents were estrogen receptor protein expression in most reactions within the cell represents. Minimum response groups were injected solvent. Also during the 12-hour infusion interval, Tamoxifen, due to half life according to the arrival of TAM as an estrogen antagonist, remained unaffected by injection of 17 - β - estradiol, remains strong.

The aim of present study was to assay and compare the effects of topical administration of Aloe vera gel, thyroid hormone cream and silver sulfadiazine cream on wound healing in Wistar rats In a randomized controlled trial, twelve Wistar male rats, 250 to 300 g, were divided randomly into 5 groups on the basis of the drug treatments: Aloe vera gel (AV), thyroid hormone cream (TC), silver sulfadiazine 1% (S), vehicle (V) and control. To determine the efficacy of each treatment, a length measurement examination was used. The animals were examined on days 4,7and 14. The data was compared by One-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post test (5% level of significance) using SPSS 11.5 System. The average percentage of healing was significantly improved in Aloe vera gel and thyroid hormone cream groups on days 7 and 14 (p≤0.05). No significant difference in average percentage of healing was observed among the silver sulfadiazine cream, vehicle and control groups. It seems, application of Aloe vera gel and thyroid hormone cream are effective in healing skin incision in rats. These findings suggest that silver sulfadiazine cream has possibly no significant effect on wound healing in skin incision.

MDMA is a synthetic drug that is originated from Amphetamine. It is used by some people. This material induces some chemical changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in middle brain. In this study, we used 49 Rats Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 gr. There were 7 groups and 7 Rats in each group. Rats received MDMA in the first group, in the second group CGS (A2A receptor agonist), in the third group SCH (A2A receptor Antagonist), group 4 vehicle for CGS and SCH, group5 vehicle for ecstasy, in 6th group MDMA with CGS, in 7th group MDMA with SCH. All groups received drugs ip, daily for 7 days. Then we took out some Hippocampus samples after perfusion in order to investigate apoptosis.These samples were stained with tunnel kit, and studied by light microscope. In some other rats, we removed fresh tissue and studied the expression of BAX and BCL-2 proteins by western blotting. The results of this study showed that the usage of MDMA with CGS reduced the BAX protein expression and protected apoptosis of Hippocampus cells. The usage of MDMA with SCH increased the BAX protein expression and number of apoptotic Hippocampus cells. The results of our study indicated that CGS with MDMA decreased the side effects of the usage of MDMA.

Effects of TGF-β and b-FGF on the Potential of Peripheral Blood-Borne Stem Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells In Wound Healing in a Murine Model Peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in media with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF). Stem cells labeled with PKH26-GL, red fluorescent cell linker compound (Sigma, USA) and injected into tail vein of Models, Migration of cells histologically assayed, RT-PCR assay of collagen type I (COL1A1) transcripts. Our results show that the synergistic effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β-sigma) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF-sigma) lead to a significant increase in migration and recruitment of both PBMSCs and BMSCs to the wound site, with more potent effects on PBMSCs as compared with BMSCs. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of collagen type I (COL1A1) transcripts (348 bp) confirmed that TGF-β and b-FGF activate collagen I (production in marrow stem cells at higher transcription levels), with more vigorous effects of TGF-β on PBMSCs as compared with the same condition on BMSCs. The growth factors have positive effect in wound healing potential of PBMSCs and BMSCs.

This study aimed to compare a new compound method and speech method (as the traditional method) in teaching anatomy. In this study, practical anatomy sessions are presented in two different methods. In the first method, based on traditional approach educational materials were shown on the cadaver, anatomical models, or bone. In the second method, each teaching session was divided into several parts and the student was asked to find educational materials on cadaver, anatomical model and bone simultaneously. The student was asked to watch and report educational films in the same session and to make an anatomical model during the semester by himself a well. At last, students scored on the basis of the two methods. Among one year students, the mean scores of students’ for the two methods of traditional (17.27± 2.8) and compound (14.19± 3.1) methods were significantly different whereas among two-year medical students, no significant difference was obtained between mean scores of students for the two methods. Among third, fourth, fifth-year medical students, the mean scores of the compound method was significantly higher than the those of traditional method. The mean scores of five-year students for the traditional method decreased significantlly (p≤0.01). This difference was also observed among three and four-year students. However, this difference among three and four-year students was smaller (p≤0.05). The results obtained that although compound method takes a longer time, it is more effective than the other method in teaching students, in particular, among students having longer period of learning experience.